Ink jet printing apparatus and method

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides a method of printing a high quality color image with no color variations at high speed. For this purpose, this invention arranges in a main scan direction a plurality of print heads that eject different color inks, and reciprocally moves each of the print heads to perform a multipass printing in which a print operation is executed in both the forward and backward passes. During the multipass printing, the print duties of the print heads are set by mask patterns. Each of the mask patterns divides the print duty setting area for each nozzle group of each head into subdivided areas, sets the print duties of the subdivided areas to values different from each other and sets the print duties of the print heads to different values.

[0001] This application is based on Patent Application No. 2001-103770filed Apr. 2, 2001 in Japan, the content of which is incorporatedhereinto by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] 1. Field of the Invention

[0003] The present invention relates to an ink jet printing apparatuswhich ejects ink from a print head to form an image. In particular, thepresent invention relates to an ink jet printing apparatus which hasfour or more color ink print heads arranged in a main scan direction andperforms printing in both forward and backward scans. More specificallythe present invention relates to a method of reducing color variationscaused by changes in the ejection order of color inks.

[0004] 2. Description of the Related Art

[0005] Printing apparatus generally applied to printers, copyingmachines and facsimiles print an image of dot pattern on a print medium,such as paper and a thin plastic sheet, according to image information.

[0006] Such printing apparatus can be classified into, for example, anink jet printing system, a wire dot printing system, a thermal printingsystem and a laser beam printing system. An ink jet printing apparatusthat uses the ink jet printing system projects ink droplets from nozzlesof print heads onto a print medium to form an image on it.

[0007] As a variety of kinds of printing apparatus has come to be usedin recent years, there are growing demands on these printing apparatusfor higher printing speed, higher resolution, higher image quality andreduced noise. An example printing apparatus that can optimumly meetsuch requirements is the ink jet printing apparatus described above.Since the ink jet printing apparatus ejects ink from the print heads,the ink ejection operation and the amount of ink ejected need to bestabilized to meet the above requirements.

[0008] In realizing a further increase in the printing speed of the inkjet printing apparatus, it is considered essential to perform aforward-backward printing (or bi-directional printing) in which theprinting is done in both the forward pass and the backward pass of themain scan of the print heads. When a color image is to be formed usingthe forward-backward printing, a problem arises that color variationsare caused by changes in the printing order of inks.

[0009] A mechanism by which two color inks penetrate into a print mediumwill be explained by referring to FIG. 12. In print mediums (OHP andfilm-based medium) which absorb ink slowly, the dye/pigment particles oftwo color inks are mixed together as they soak into the medium, so thata hue difference caused by a change in the printing order of the colorinks is relatively small. However, in print mediums (dedicated paper,glossy paper, etc.) that absorb ink quickly, since the dye/pigmentparticles of two inks penetrate and fix in the medium separately, thehue difference due to the change in the printing order is conspicuous.

[0010] In one embodiment of the present invention using six color headsarranged laterally side by side as shown in FIG. 14, color variationsconsidered to be produced by a difference in the printing order betweenthe forward pass and the backward pass are observed. When a G (green)image (not shown) is formed by printing in both the forward and backwardpasses, for example, the order of printing differs between the forwardpass and the backward pass. That is, the C (cyan) is printed firstfollowed by Y (yellow) in the forward pass thus producing a G image witha strong hue of cyan. In the backward pass, Y (yellow) is printed firstfollowed by C (cyan) thus producing a G image with a strong hue ofyellow. This alternate hue variation is recognized as bands at a pitchcorresponding to the feeding distance of the print medium.

[0011]FIG. 11 shows an example of a multipass printing method thatcompletes printing one print area with four print scans. A print headwith 16 nozzles is divided into four equal nozzle groups, each of whichprints through a thinning out mask pattern shown at the left end of thefigure in all scans. The thinning out mask pattern can be set in theform of a fixed mask pattern or a random mask pattern. Pixels paintedblack represent those printed at each current print scan and pixelspainted gray represent those already printed at or before the precedingscans. When printing is done with 25% thinning out, the image is formedwith four print scans. How an image is formed using such a mask patternis shown in FIG. 13.

[0012] Suppose a carriage M1002 is reciprocated to perform thebi-directional printing. When a plurality of heads ejecting differentcolor inks are arranged side by side in the main scan direction as shownin FIG. 13, a color variation is observed which is considered to beproduced by a difference in the printing order of the heads between theforward pass and the backward pass. This color variation appears in theform of bands at a pitch corresponding to the feeding distance of theprint medium. In FIG. 14, HY represents a print head for ejecting ayellow ink; HM represents a print head for ejecting a magenta ink; HCrepresents a print head for ejecting a cyan ink; HML represents a printhead for ejecting a light magenta ink; HCL represents a print head forejecting a light cyan ink; and HK represents a print head for ejecting ablack ink.

[0013]FIG. 11 shows a mechanism by which a color variation observedduring a multipass printing is produced. In this example, four passesare performed to print one print area and the mask patterns used in thefour scans are complementary to each other. When an image of a uniformsecondary color of G (green) is to be formed by four print scans, asshown in the figure, the color print image are printed in the order fromC to Y or from Y to C. In this case, the C ink which is printed first isadsorbed on the surface of the print media and the Y ink which issubsequently printed penetrates into the print medium in the directionof its depth. This phenomenon is considered due to the fact that becausethe surface portion of the print area to which the dye can attach isdeprived by the first printed ink, the subsequently printed inkpenetrates into the medium in the direction of its depth. Hence, the hueobtained with the C ink printed first and the hue obtained with the Yink printed first differ, and this hue difference caused by thedifference in the printing order of the two inks visibly appears ascolor variations, which degrade an image quality.

[0014] One example of a printed area formed by printing under theconditions of FIG. 11 is shown in FIG. 13. It is seen from the figurethat there are density variations in the form of stripes or bands at apitch corresponding to the paper feed distance.

[0015] As a measure to reduce the color variations, Japanese PatentApplication Laid-open No. 6-336016 (1994), for example, discloses atechnique of using an ejection mask pattern which comprises concentrateddot patterns elongate in the main scan direction as basic units. Thistechnique has been verified to be effective for use with ink jet headswith a dot resolution of 300 dpi-600 dpi.

[0016] Further, Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2000-37863discloses a technique applied to ink jet print heads with a higherresolution of, for example, 720 dpi to 1200 dpi, in which each of theconcentrated dot units is made relatively large, for example, 8 dotslong and 16 dots wide. With this technique, even when an overlapping ofdots occurs at a boundary between regions of different colors, it ispossible to reduce color variations at an overlapping boundary portioncaused by a change in the scan direction of the print heads.

[0017] However, as ink jet printers with higher resolutions of 720 dpito 1200 dpi become available as a result of technological advance, thediameters of dots formed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No.6-336016 (1994) also decreases further down to about 40 μm to 50 μm Evenwhen the nozzle arrangement density increases, decreasing the amount ofink ejected from each nozzle and therefore the dot diameter, the landingerror of ejected ink droplet does not change as much and thus becomeslarge relative to the dot diameter. As a result, it is becomingincreasingly difficult to realize an intended high-resolution dotpattern on a print medium. Hence, in the forward-backward pass printing(bi-directional printing), simply applying the conventional designmethod of an ink ejection mask pattern to the high-resolution printingcannot effectively reduce the color variations and image disturbancesthat are likely to occur during the bi-directional printing.

[0018] Also in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2000-37863,since the unit size of the concentrated pixel group that produces asatisfactory effect of reducing the color variations is large in thehigh resolution printing method of recent years, a problem is observedin which a cyclic texture is easily visible on a printed image. Althoughthis problem can be dealt with in an image forming that places animportance on sharp outlines, such as DTP and graphics, it is notpossible to ensure a satisfactory quality with photographic images.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0019] It is an object of the present invention to provide an ink jetprinting apparatus in which a plurality of print heads are arranged inthe main scan direction and which can reduce color variations andtexture caused by a difference in the printing order between the forwardpass and the backward pass.

[0020] To achieve this objective, the present invention provides an inkjet printing apparatus comprising: a plurality of print heads arrangedin a main scan direction and having different inks, each of the printheads having a plurality of nozzle groups, each nozzle group having aplurality of ink ejection nozzles, the different nozzle groups in eachof the print heads being scanned over the same print area on a printmedium in forward and backward passes to complete an image on the printarea by using a plurality of inks; and a print duty setting means fordividing a print duty setting area for each of the nozzle groups into aplurality of subdivided areas, for setting a print duty for each of thesubdivided areas and for setting print duties of the print heads todifferent values.

[0021] In another aspect, the present invention provides an ink jetprinting apparatus comprising: a plurality of print heads arranged in amain scan direction and having different inks, each of the print headshaving a plurality of nozzle groups, each nozzle group having aplurality of ink ejection nozzles, the different nozzle groups in eachof the print heads being scanned over the same print area on a printmedium in forward and backward passes to complete an image on the printarea by using a plurality of inks; and a print duty setting means forsetting print duties of end portions of each of the print heads lowerthan print duties of other portions.

[0022] In still another aspect, the present invention provides an inkjet printing apparatus comprising: a plurality of print heads arrangedin a main scan direction and having different inks, each of the printheads having a plurality of nozzle groups, each nozzle group having aplurality of ink ejection nozzles, the different nozzle groups in eachof the print heads being scanned over the same print area on a printmedium in forward and backward passes to complete an image on the printarea by using a plurality of inks; and a print duty setting andmodification means for switching a print duty distribution in a nozzlearray direction between high and low values according to a frequency ofuse of the print head.

[0023] In further aspect, the present invention provides an ink jetprinting method for an ink jet printing apparatus, wherein the ink jetprinting apparatus includes a plurality of print heads arranged in amain scan direction and having different inks, each of the print headshaving a plurality of nozzle groups, each nozzle group having aplurality of ink ejection nozzles, the ink jet printing methodcomprising the steps of: scanning the different nozzle groups in each ofthe print heads over the same print area on a print medium in forwardand backward passes to complete an image on the print area by using aplurality of inks; dividing a print duty setting area for each of thenozzle groups into a plurality of subdivided areas; setting a print dutyfor each of the subdivided areas; and setting print duties of the printheads to different values.

[0024] In a further aspect, the present invention provides an ink jetprinting method for an ink jet printing apparatus, wherein the ink jetprinting apparatus includes a plurality of print heads arranged in amain scan direction and having different inks, each of the print headshaving a plurality of nozzle groups, each nozzle group having aplurality of ink ejection nozzles, the ink jet printing methodcomprising the steps of: scanning the different nozzle groups in each ofthe print heads over the same print area on a print medium in forwardand backward passes to complete an image on the print area by using aplurality of inks; and setting print duties of end portions of each ofthe print heads lower than print duties of other portions.

[0025] In further aspect, an ink jet printing method for an ink jetprinting apparatus, wherein the ink jet printing apparatus includes aplurality of print heads arranged in a main scan direction and havingdifferent inks, each of the print heads having a plurality of nozzlegroups, each nozzle group having a plurality of ink ejection nozzles,the ink jet printing method comprising the steps of: scanning thedifferent nozzle groups in each of the print heads over the same printarea on a print medium in forward and backward passes to complete animage on the print area by using a plurality of inks; and switching aprint duty distribution in a nozzle array direction between high and lowvalues according to a frequency of use of the print head.

[0026] As described above, since the print duties of the print headsarranged in the main scan direction are set to different values, thecolor variations caused by a difference in the printing order betweenthe forward pass and the backward pass can be minimized and a highquality color image printed at high speed. Further, by switching theprint duties for each print head between high and low values accordingto the state of use of the nozzles, it is possible to prevent partialdegradation of the print head and thereby improve its service life.

[0027] Further, since the print duty setting area for each nozzle ofeach print head is divided into a plurality of subdivided areas and theprint duties of the subdivided areas are set to different values, animage printed can be prevented from developing a texture and thus ensurea high image quality.

[0028] Further, since the print duties of nozzle groups situated at bothends of the print head are set low, it is possible to reduce theformation of blank lines caused by deviations of ink dots ejected fromend portions of the print head as it moves during the printingoperation. Therefore, a substantial improvement of image quality can beexpected.

[0029] The above and other objects, effects, features and advantages ofthe present invention will become more apparent from the followingdescription of embodiments thereof taken in conjunction with theaccompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030]FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an external construction ofan ink jet printer as one embodiment of the present invention;

[0031]FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the printer of FIG. 1 with anenclosure member removed;

[0032]FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing an assembled print headcartridge used in the printer of one embodiment of the presentinvention;

[0033]FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view showing the print headcartridge of FIG. 3;

[0034]FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of the print head of FIG. 4as seen diagonally below;

[0035]FIGS. 6A and 6B are perspective views showing a construction of ascanner cartridge upside down which can be mounted in the printer of oneembodiment of the present invention instead of the print head cartridgeof FIG. 3;

[0036]FIG. 7 is a block diagram schematically showing the overallconfiguration of an electric circuitry of the printer according to oneembodiment of the present invention;

[0037]FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the relation between FIGS. 8A and 8B,

[0038]FIGS. 8A and 8B being block diagrams representing an example innerconfiguration of a main printed circuit board (PCB) in the electriccircuitry of FIG. 7;

[0039]FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the relation between FIGS. 9A and 9B,

[0040]FIGS. 9A and 9B being block diagrams representing an example innerconfiguration of an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) inthe main PCB of FIGS. 8A and 8B;

[0041]FIG. 10 is a flow chart showing an example of operation of theprinter as one embodiment of the present invention;

[0042]FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram microscopically showing amechanism by which color variations are caused by a change in theprinting order of inks when bi-directional printing is performed by anink jet printing apparatus;

[0043]FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing how ink droplets soakinto a print medium;

[0044]FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram macroscopically showing amechanism by which color variations are caused by a change in theprinting order of inks during bi-directional printing;

[0045]FIG. 14 is an explanatory view showing the construction of printheads used in a first embodiment of the invention;

[0046]FIG. 15 is an explanatory view showing print duties set forindividual print heads in the first embodiment of the invention;

[0047]FIG. 16 is an explanatory view showing the print duties of theprint heads of FIG. 15 as they are smoothly changed;

[0048]FIGS. 17A to 17C are explanatory views showing example maskpatterns of FIG. 15;

[0049]FIG. 18 is an explanatory view, seen from above, of an ink dotshifting phenomenon observed at ends of the print heads;

[0050]FIG. 19 is an explanatory view, seen from front, of an ink dotshifting phenomenon observed at ends of the print heads;

[0051]FIG. 20A is an explanatory view showing setting areas of printduties for associated nozzle groups in the print heads of the inventionwhen the number of divisions in each nozzle group is 1;

[0052]FIG. 20B is an explanatory view showing setting areas of printduties for associated nozzle groups in the print heads of the inventionwhen the number of divisions in each nozzle group is 4;

[0053]FIG. 21 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a controlsystem of a second embodiment of the invention;

[0054]FIG. 22 is a flow chart showing a control of a mask pattern printduty reversing operation in the second embodiment of the invention;

[0055]FIG. 23 is a line diagram showing an example setting of timing atwhich to execute the print duty reversing operation;

[0056]FIG. 24A illustrates an example mask pattern, before beingreversed, used in the second embodiment of the invention;

[0057]FIG. 24B illustrates an example mask pattern, after beingreversed, used in the second embodiment of the invention;

[0058]FIG. 25 is a table showing a result of evaluation of colorvariation produced when two colors are combined to form a solid image ofa secondary color;

[0059]FIG. 26A is an explanatory view showing a mask pattern for usewith dark inks in a further embodiment of the invention; and

[0060]FIG. 26B is an explanatory view showing a mask pattern for usewith light inks in the further embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0061] Embodiments of the printing apparatus according to the presentinvention will be described by referring to the accompanying drawings.

[0062] In the following description we take up as an example a printingapparatus using an ink jet printing system.

[0063] In this specification, a word “print” (or “record”) refers to notonly forming significant information, such as characters and figures,but also forming images, designs or patterns on printing medium andprocessing media, whether the information is significant orinsignificant or whether it is visible so as to be perceived by humans.

[0064] The word “print medium” or “print sheet” include not only paperused in common printing apparatus, but cloth, plastic films, metalplates, glass, ceramics, wood, leather or any other material that canreceive ink. This word will be also referred to “paper”.

[0065] Further, the word “ink” (or “liquid”) should be interpreted inits wide sense as with the word “print” and refers to liquid that isapplied to the printing medium to form images, designs or patterns,process the printing medium or process ink (for example, coagulate ormake insoluble a colorant in the ink applied to the printing medium).

[0066] 1. Apparatus Body

[0067]FIGS. 1 and 2 show an outline construction of a printer using anink jet printing system. In FIG. 1, a housing of a printer body M1000 ofthis embodiment has an enclosure member, including a lower case M1001,an upper case M1002, an access cover M1003 and a discharge tray M1004,and a chassis M3019 (see FIG. 2) accommodated in the enclosure member.

[0068] The chassis M3019 is made of a plurality of plate-like metalmembers with a predetermined rigidity to form a skeleton of the printingapparatus and holds various printing operation mechanisms describedlater.

[0069] The lower case M1001 forms roughly a lower half of the housing ofthe printer body M1000 and the upper case M1002 forms roughly an upperhalf of the printer body M1000. These upper and lower cases, whencombined, form a hollow structure having an accommodation space thereinto accommodate various mechanisms described later. The printer bodyM1000 has an opening in its top portion and front portion.

[0070] The discharge tray M1004 has one end portion thereof rotatablysupported on the lower case M1001. The discharge tray M1004, whenrotated, opens or closes an opening formed in the front portion of thelower case M1001. When the print operation is to be performed, thedischarge tray M1004 is rotated forwardly to open the opening so thatprinted sheets can be discharged and successively stacked. The dischargetray M1004 accommodates two auxiliary trays M1004 a, M1004 b. Theseauxiliary trays can be drawn out forwardly as required to expand orreduce the paper support area in three steps.

[0071] The access cover M1003 has one end portion thereof rotatablysupported on the upper case M1002 and opens or closes an opening formedin the upper surface of the upper case M1002. By opening the accesscover M1003, a print head cartridge H1000 or an ink tank H1900 installedin the body can be replaced. When the access cover M1003 is opened orclosed, a projection formed at the back of the access cover, not shownhere, pivots a cover open/close lever. Detecting the pivotal position ofthe lever as by a micro-switch and so on can determine whether theaccess cover is open or closed.

[0072] At the upper rear surface of the upper case M1002 a power keyE0018, a resume key E0019 and an LED E0020 are provided. When the powerkey E0018 is pressed, the LED E0020 lights up indicating to an operatorthat the apparatus is ready to print. The LED E0020 has a variety ofdisplay functions, such as alerting the operator to printer troubles asby changing its blinking intervals and color. Further, a buzzer E0021(FIG. 7) may be sounded. When the trouble is eliminated, the resume keyE0019 is pressed to resume the printing.

[0073] 2. Printing Operation Mechanism

[0074] Next, a printing operation mechanism installed and held in theprinter body M1000 according to this embodiment will be explained.

[0075] The printing operation mechanism in this embodiment comprises: anautomatic sheet feed unit M3022 to automatically feed a print sheet intothe printer body; a sheet transport unit M3029 to guide the printsheets, fed one at a time from the automatic sheet feed unit, to apredetermined print position and to guide the print sheet from the printposition to a discharge unit M3030; a print unit to perform a desiredprinting on the print sheet carried to the print position; and anejection performance recovery unit M5000 to recover the ink ejectionperformance of the print unit.

[0076] Here, the print unit will be described. The print unit comprisesa carriage M4001 movably supported on a carriage shaft M4021 and a printhead cartridge H1000 removably mounted on the carriage M4001.

[0077] 2.1 Print Head Cartridge

[0078] First, the print head cartridge used in the print unit will bedescribed with reference to FIGS. 3 to 5.

[0079] The print head cartridge H1000 in this embodiment, as shown inFIG. 3, has an ink tank H1900 containing inks and a print head H1001 forejecting ink supplied from the ink tank H1900 out through nozzlesaccording to print information. The print head H1001 is of a so-calledcartridge type in which it is removably mounted to the carriage M4001described later.

[0080] The ink tank for this print head cartridge H1000 consists ofseparate ink tanks H1900 of, for example, black, light cyan, lightmagenta, cyan, magenta and yellow to enable color printing with as highan image quality as photograph. As shown in FIG. 4, these individual inktanks are removably mounted to the print head H1001.

[0081] Then, the print head H1001, as shown in the perspective view ofFIG. 5, comprises a print element substrate H1100, a first plate H1200,an electric wiring board H1300, a second plate H1400, a tank holderH1500, a flow passage forming member H1600, a filter H1700 and a sealrubber H1800.

[0082] The print element silicon substrate H1100 has formed in one ofits surfaces, by the film deposition technology, a plurality of printelements to produce energy for ejecting ink and electric wires, such asaluminum, for supplying electricity to individual print elements. Aplurality of ink passages and a plurality of nozzles H1100T, bothcorresponding to the print elements, are also formed by thephotolithography technology. In the back of the print element substrateH1100, there are formed ink supply ports for supplying ink to theplurality of ink passages. The print element substrate H1100 is securelybonded to the first plate H1200 which is formed with ink supply portsH1201 for supplying ink to the print element substrate H1100. The firstplate H1200 is securely bonded with the second plate H1400 having anopening. The second plate H1400 holds the electric wiring board H1300 toelectrically connect the electric wiring board H1300 with the printelement substrate H1100. The electric wiring board H1300 is to applyelectric signals for ejecting ink to the print element substrate H1100,and has electric wires associated with the print element substrate H1100and external signal input terminals H1301 situated at electric wires'ends for receiving electric signals from the printer body. The externalsignal input terminals H1301 are positioned and fixed at the back of atank holder H1500 described later.

[0083] The tank holder H1500 that removably holds the ink tank H1900 issecurely attached, as by ultrasonic fusing, with the flow passageforming member H1600 to form an ink passage H1501 from the ink tankH1900 to the first plate H1200. At the ink tank side end of the inkpassage H1501 that engages with the ink tank H1900, a filter H1700 isprovided to prevent external dust from entering. A seal rubber H1800 isprovided at a portion where the filter H1700 engages the ink tank H1900,to prevent evaporation of the ink from the engagement portion.

[0084] As described above, the tank holder unit, which includes the tankholder H1500, the flow passage forming member H1600, the filter H1700and the seal rubber H1800, and the print element unit, which includesthe print element substrate H1100, the first plate H1200, the electricwiring board H1300 and the second plate H1400, are combined as byadhesives to form the print head H1001.

[0085] 2.2 Carriage

[0086] Next, by referring to FIG. 2, the carriage M4001 carrying theprint head cartridge H1000 will be explained.

[0087] As shown in FIG. 2, the carriage M4001 has a carriage cover M4002for guiding the print head H1001 to a predetermined mounting position onthe carriage M4001, and a head set lever M4007 that engages and pressesagainst the tank holder H1500 of the print head H1001 to set the printhead H1001 at a predetermined mounting position.

[0088] That is, the head set lever M4007 is provided at the upper partof the carriage M4001 so as to be pivotable about a head set levershaft. There is a spring-loaded head set plate (not shown) at anengagement portion where the carriage M4001 engages the print headH1001. With the spring force, the head set lever M4007 presses againstthe print head H1001 to mount it on the carriage M4001.

[0089] At another engagement portion of the carriage M4001 with theprint head H1001, there is provided a contact flexible printed cable(see FIG. 7: simply referred to as a contact FPC hereinafter) E0011whose contact portion electrically contacts a contact portion (externalsignal input terminals) H1301 provided in the print head H1001 totransfer various information for printing and supply electricity to theprint head H1001.

[0090] Between the contract portion of the contact FPC E0011 and thecarriage M4001 there is an elastic member not shown, such as rubber. Theelastic force of the elastic member and the pressing force of the headset lever spring combine to ensure a reliable contact between thecontact portion of the contact FPC E0011 and the carriage M4001.Further, the contact FPC E0011 is connected to a carriage substrateE0013 mounted at the back of the carriage M4001 (see FIG. 7).

[0091] 3. Scanner

[0092] The printer of this embodiment can mount a scanner in thecarriage M4001 in place of the print head cartridge H1000 and be used asa reading device.

[0093] The scanner moves together with the carriage M4001 in the mainscan direction, and reads an image on a document fed instead of theprinting medium as the scanner moves in the main scan direction.Alternating the scanner reading operation in the main scan direction andthe document feed in the sub-scan direction enables one page of documentimage information to be read.

[0094]FIGS. 6A and 6B show the scanner M6000 upside down to explainabout its outline construction.

[0095] As shown in the figure, a scanner holder M6001 is shaped like abox and contains an optical system and a processing circuit necessaryfor reading. A reading lens M6006 is provided at a portion that facesthe surface of a document when the scanner M6000 is mounted on thecarriage M4001. The lens M6006 focuses light reflected from the documentsurface onto a reading unit inside the scanner to read the documentimage. An illumination lens M6005 has a light source not shown insidethe scanner. The light emitted from the light source is radiated ontothe document through the lens M6005.

[0096] The scanner cover M6003 secured to the bottom of the scannerholder M6001 shields the interior of the scanner holder M6001 fromlight. Louver-like grip portions are provided at the sides to improvethe ease with which the scanner can be mounted to and dismounted fromthe carriage M4001. The external shape of the scanner holder M6001 isalmost similar to that of the print head H1001, and the scanner can bemounted to or dismounted from the carriage M4001 in a manner similar tothat of the print head H1001.

[0097] The scanner holder M6001 accommodates a substrate having areading circuit, and a scanner contact PCB M6004 connected to thissubstrate is exposed outside. When the scanner M6000 is mounted on thecarriage M4001, the scanner contact PCB M6004 contacts the contact FPCE0011 of the carriage M4001 to electrically connect the substrate to acontrol system on the printer body side through the carriage M4001.

[0098] 4. Example Configuration of Printer Electric Circuit

[0099] Next, an electric circuit configuration in this embodiment of theinvention will be explained.

[0100]FIG. 7 schematically shows the overall configuration of theelectric circuit in this embodiment.

[0101] The electric circuit in this embodiment comprises mainly acarriage substrate (CRPCB) E0013, a main PCB (printed circuit board)E0014 and a power supply unit E0015.

[0102] The power supply unit E0015 is connected to the main PCB E0014 tosupply a variety of drive power.

[0103] The carriage substrate E0013 is a printed circuit board unitmounted on the carriage M4001 (FIG. 2) and functions as an interface fortransferring signals to and from the print head through the contact FPCE0011. In addition, based on a pulse signal output from an encodersensor E0004 as the carriage M4001 moves, the carriage substrate E0013detects a change in the positional relation between an encoder scaleE0005 and the encoder sensor E0004 and sends its output signal to themain PCB E0014 through a flexible flat cable (CRFFC) E0012.

[0104] Further, the main PCB E0014 is a printed circuit board unit thatcontrols the operation of various parts of the ink jet printingapparatus in this embodiment, and has I/O ports for a paper end sensor(PE sensor) E0007, an automatic sheet feeder (ASF) sensor E0009, a coversensor E0022, a parallel interface (parallel I/F) E0016, a serialinterface (Serial I/F) E0017, a resume key E0019, an LED E0020, a powerkey E0018 and a buzzer E0021. The main PCB E0014 is connected to andcontrols a motor (CR motor) E0001 that constitutes a drive source formoving the carriage M4001 in the main scan direction; a motor (LF motor)E0002 that constitutes a drive source for transporting the printingmedium; and a motor (PG motor) E0003 that performs the functions ofrecovering the ejection performance of the print head and feeding theprinting medium. The main PCB E0014 also has connection interfaces withan ink empty sensor E0006, a gap sensor E0008, a PG sensor E0010, theCRFFC E0012 and the power supply unit E0015.

[0105]FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the relation between FIGS. 8A and 8B,and FIGS. 8A and 8B are block diagrams showing an inner configuration ofthe main PCB E0014.

[0106] Reference number E1001 represents a CPU, which has a clockgenerator (CG) E1002 connected to an oscillation circuit E1005 togenerate a system clock based on an output signal E1019 of theoscillation circuit E1005. The CPU E1001 is connected to an ASIC(application specific integrated circuit) and a ROM E1004 through acontrol bus E1014. According to a program stored in the ROM E1004, theCPU E1001 controls the ASIC E1006, checks the status of an input signalE1017 from the power key, an input signal E1016 from the resume key, acover detection signal E1042 and a head detection signal (HSENS) E1013,drives the buzzer E0021 according to a buzzer signal (BUZ) E1018, andchecks the status of an ink empty detection signal (INKS) E1011connected to a built-in A/D converter E1003 and of a temperaturedetection signal (TH) E1012 from a thermistor. The CPU E1001 alsoperforms various other logic operations and makes conditional decisionsto control the operation of the ink jet printing apparatus.

[0107] The head detection signal E1013 is a head mount detection signalentered from the print head cartridge H1000 through the flexible flatcable E0012, the carriage substrate E0013 and the contact FPC E0011. Theink empty detection signal E1011 is an analog signal output from the inkempty sensor E0006. The temperature detection signal E1012 is an analogsignal from the thermistor (not shown) provided on the carriagesubstrate E0013.

[0108] Designated E1008 is a CR motor driver that uses a motor powersupply (VM) E1040 to generate a CR motor drive signal E1037 according toa CR motor control signal E1036 from the ASIC E1006 to drive the CRmotor E0001. E1009 designates an LF/PG motor driver which uses the motorpower supply E1040 to generate an LF motor drive signal E1035 accordingto a pulse motor control signal (PM control signal) E1033 from the ASICE1006 to drive the LF motor. The LF/PG motor driver E1009 also generatesa PG motor drive signal E1034 to drive the PG motor.

[0109] Designated E1010 is a power supply control circuit which controlsthe supply of electricity to respective sensors with light emittingelements according to a power supply control signal E1024 from the ASICE1006. The parallel I/F E0016 transfers a parallel I/F signal E1030 fromthe ASIC E1006 to a parallel I/F cable E1031 connected to externalcircuits and also transfers a signal of the parallel I/F cable E1031 tothe ASIC E1006. The serial I/F E0017 transfers a serial I/F signal E1028from the ASIC E1006 to a serial I/F cable E1029 connected to externalcircuits, and also transfers a signal from the serial I/F cable E1029 tothe ASIC E1006.

[0110] The power supply unit E0015 provides a head power signal (VH)E1039, a motor power signal (VM) E1040 and a logic power signal (VDD)E1041. A head power ON signal (VHON) E1022 and a motor power ON signal(VMON) E1023 are sent from the ASIC E1006 to the power supply unit E0015to perform the ON/OFF control of the head power signal E1039 and themotor power signal E1040. The logic power signal (VDD) E1041 suppliedfrom the power supply unit E0015 is voltage-converted as required andgiven to various parts inside or outside the main PCB E0014.

[0111] The head power signal E1039 is smoothed by a circuit of the mainPCB E0014 and then sent out to the flexible flat cable E0011 to be usedfor driving the print head cartridge H100. E1007 denotes a reset circuitwhich detects a reduction in the logic power signal E1041 and sends areset signal (RESET) to the CPU E1001 and the ASIC E1006 to initializethem.

[0112] The ASIC E1006 is a single-chip semiconductor integrated circuitand is controlled by the CPU E1001 through the control bus E1014 tooutput the CR motor control signal E1036, the PM control signal E1033,the power supply control signal E1024, the head power ON signal E1022and the motor power ON signal E1023. It also transfers signals to andfrom the parallel interface E0016 and the serial interface E0017. Inaddition, the ASIC E1006 detects the status of a PE detection signal(PES) E1025 from the PE sensor E0007, an ASF detection signal (ASFS)E1026 from the ASF sensor E0009, a gap detection signal (GAPS) E1027from the GAP sensor E0008 for detecting a gap between the print head andthe printing medium, and a PG detection signal (PGS) E1032 from the PGsensor E0010, and sends data representing the statuses of these signalsto the CPU E1001 through the control bus E1014. Based on the datareceived, the CPU E1001 controls the operation of an LED drive signalE1038 to turn on or off the LED E0020.

[0113] Further, the ASIC E1006 checks the status of an encoder signal(ENC) E1020, generates a timing signal, interfaces with the print headcartridge H1000 and controls the print operation by a head controlsignal E1021. The encoder signal (ENC) E1020 is an output signal of theCR encoder sensor E0004 received through the flexible flat cable E0012.The head control signal E1021 is sent to the print head H1001 throughthe flexible flat cable E0012, carriage substrate E0013 and contact FPCE0011.

[0114]FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the relation between FIGS. 9A and 9B,and FIGS. 9A and 9B are block diagrams showing an example internalconfiguration of the ASIC E1006.

[0115] In these figures, only the flow of data, such as print data andmotor control data, associated with the control of the head and variousmechanical components is shown between each block, and control signalsand clock associated with the read/write operation of the registersincorporated in each block and control signals associated with the DMAcontrol are omitted to simplify the drawing.

[0116] In the figures, reference number E2002 represents a PLLcontroller which, based on a clock signal (CLK) E2031 and a PLL controlsignal (PLLON) E2033 output from the CPU E1001, generates a clock (notshown) to be supplied to the most part of the ASIC E1006.

[0117] Denoted E2001 is a CPU interface (CPU I/F) E2001, which controlsthe read/write operation of register in each block, supplies a clock tosome blocks and accepts an interrupt signal (none of these operationsare shown) according to a reset signal E1015, a software reset signal(PDWN) E2032 and a clock signal (CLK) E2031 output from the CPU E1001,and control signals from the control bus E1014. The CPU I/F E2001 thenoutputs an interrupt signal (INT) E2034 to the CPU E1001 to inform it ofthe occurrence of an interrupt within the ASIC E1006.

[0118] E2005 denotes a DRAM which has various areas for storing printdata, such as a reception buffer E2010, a work buffer E2011, a printbuffer E2014 and a development data buffer E2016. The DRAM E2005 alsohas a motor control buffer E2023 for motor control and, as buffers usedinstead of the above print data buffers during the scanner operationmode, a scanner input buffer E2024, a scanner data buffer E2026 and anoutput buffer E2028.

[0119] The DRAM E2005 is also used as a work area by the CPU E1001 forits own operation. Designated E2004 is a DRAM control unit E2004 whichperforms read/write operations on the DRAM E2005 by switching betweenthe DRAM access from the CPU E1001 through the control bus and the DRAMaccess from a DMA control unit E2003 described later.

[0120] The DMA control unit E2003 accepts request signals (not shown)from various blocks and outputs address signals and control signals (notshown) and, in the case of write operation, write data E2038, E2041,E2044, E2053, E2055, E2057 etc. to the DRAM control unit to make DRAMaccesses. In the case of read operation, the DMA control unit E2003transfers the read data E2040, E2043, E2045, E2051, E2054, E2056, E2058,E2059 from the DRAM control unit E2004 to the requesting blocks.

[0121] Denoted E2006 is an IEEE 1284 I/F which functions as abi-directional communication interface with external host devices, notshown, through the parallel I/F E0016 and is controlled by the CPU E1001via CPU I/F E2001. During the printing operation, the IEEE 1284 I/FE2006 transfers the receive data (PIF receive data E2036) from theparallel I/F E0016 to a reception control unit E2008 by the DMAprocessing. During the scanner reading operation, the 1284 I/F E2006sends the data (1284 transmit data (RDPIF) E2059) stored in the outputbuffer E2028 in the DRAM E2005 to the parallel I/F E0016 by the DMAprocessing.

[0122] Designated E2007 is a universal serial bus (USB) I/F which offersa bi-directional communication interface with external host devices, notshown, through the serial I/F E0017 and is controlled by the CPU E1001through the CPU I/F E2001. During the printing operation, the universalserial bus (USB) I/F E2007 transfers received data (USB receive dataE2037) from the serial I/F E0017 to the reception control unit E2008 bythe DMA processing. During the scanner reading, the universal serial bus(USB) I/F E2007 sends data (USB transmit data (RDUSB) E2058) stored inthe output buffer E2028 in the DRAM E2005 to the serial I/F E0017 by theDMA processing. The reception control unit E2008 writes data (WDIFE2038) received from the 1284 I/F E2006 or universal serial bus (USB)I/F E2007, whichever is selected, into a reception buffer write addressmanaged by a reception buffer control unit E2039.

[0123] Designated E2009 is a compression/decompression DMA controllerwhich is controlled by the CPU E1001 through the CPU I/F E2001 to readreceived data (raster data) stored in a reception buffer E2010 from areception buffer read address managed by the reception buffer controlunit E2039, compress or decompress the data (RDWK) E2040 according to aspecified mode, and write the data as a print code string (WDWK) E2041into the work buffer area.

[0124] Designated E2013 is a print buffer transfer DMA controller whichis controlled by the CPU E1001 through the CPU I/F E2001 to read printcodes (RDWP) E2043 on the work buffer E2011 and rearrange the printcodes onto addresses on the print buffer E2014 that match the sequenceof data transfer to the print head cartridge H1000 before transferringthe codes (WDWP E2044). Reference number E2012 denotes a work area DMAcontroller which is controlled by the CPU E1001 through the CPU I/FE2001 to repetitively write specified work fill data (WDWF) E2042 intothe area of the work buffer whose data transfer by the print buffertransfer DMA controller E2013 has been completed.

[0125] Designated E2015 is a print data development DMA controllerE2015, which is controlled by the CPU E1001 through the CPU I/F E2001.Triggered by a data development timing signal E2050 from a head controlunit E2018, the print data development DMA controller E2015 reads theprint code that was rearranged and written into the print buffer and thedevelopment data written into the development data buffer E2016 andwrites developed print data (RDHDG) E2045 into the column buffer E2017as column buffer write data (WDHDG) E2047. The column buffer E2017 is anSRAM that temporarily stores the transfer data (developed print data) tobe sent to the print head cartridge H1000, and is shared and managed byboth the print data development DMA CONTROLLER and the head control unitthrough a handshake signal (not shown).

[0126] Designated E2018 is a head control unit E2018 which is controlledby the CPU E1001 through the CPU I/F E2001 to interface with the printhead cartridge H1000 or the scanner through the head control signal. Italso outputs a data development timing signal E2050 to the print datadevelopment DMA controller according to a head drive timing signal E2049from the encoder signal processing unit E2019.

[0127] During the printing operation, the head control unit E2018, whenit receives the head drive timing signal E2049, reads developed printdata (RDHD) E2048 from the column buffer and outputs the data to theprint head cartridge H1000 as the head control signal E1021.

[0128] In the scanner reading mode, the head control unit E2018DMA-transfers the input data (WDHD) E2053 received as the head controlsignal E1021 to the scanner input buffer E2024 on the DRAM E2005.Designated E2025 is a scanner data processing DMA controller E2025 whichis controlled by the CPU E1001 through the CPU I/F E2001 to read inputbuffer read data (RDAV) E2054 stored in the scanner input buffer E2024and writes the averaged data (WDAV) E2055 into the scanner data bufferE2026 on the DRAM E2005.

[0129] Designated E2027 is a scanner data compression DMA controllerwhich is controlled by the CPU E1001 through the CPU I/F E2001 to readprocessed data (RDYC) E2056 on the scanner data buffer E2026, performdata compression, and write the compressed data (WDYC) E2057 into theoutput buffer E2028 for transfer.

[0130] Designated E2019 is an encoder signal processing unit which, whenit receives an encoder signal (ENC), outputs the head drive timingsignal E2049 according to a mode determined by the CPU E1001. Theencoder signal processing unit E2019 also stores in a registerinformation on the position and speed of the carriage M4001 obtainedfrom the encoder signal E1020 and presents it to the CPU E1001. Based onthis information, the CPU E1001 determines various parameters for the CRmotor E0001. Designated E2020 is a CR motor control unit which iscontrolled by the CPU E1001 through the CPU I/F E2001 to output the CRmotor control signal E1036.

[0131] Denoted E2022 is a sensor signal processing unit which receivesdetection signals E1032, E1025, E1026 and E1027 output from the PGsensor E0010, the PE sensor E0007, the ASF sensor E0009 and the gapsensor E0008, respectively, and transfers these sensor information tothe CPU E1001 according to the mode determined by the CPU E1001. Thesensor signal processing unit E2022 also outputs a sensor detectionsignal E2052 to a DMA controller E2021 for controlling LF/PG motor.

[0132] The DMA controller E2021 for controlling LF/PG motor iscontrolled by the CPU E1001 through the CPU I/F E2001 to read a pulsemotor drive table (RDPM) E2051 from the motor control buffer E2023 onthe DRAM E2005 and output a pulse motor control signal E1033. Dependingon the operation mode, the controller outputs the pulse motor controlsignal E1033 upon reception of the sensor detection signal as a controltrigger.

[0133] Designated E2030 is an LED control unit which is controlled bythe CPU E1001 through the CPU I/F E2001 to output an LED drive signalE1038. Further, designated E2029 is a port control unit which iscontrolled by the CPU E1001 through the CPU I/F E2001 to output the headpower ON signal E1022, the motor power ON signal E1023 and the powersupply control signal E1024.

[0134] 5. Operation of Printer

[0135] Next, the operation of the ink jet printing apparatus in thisembodiment of the invention with the above configuration will beexplained by referring to the flow chart of FIG. 10.

[0136] When the printer body M1000 is connected to an AC power supply, afirst initialization is performed at step S1. In this initializationprocess, the electric circuit system including the ROM and RAM in theapparatus is checked to confirm that the apparatus is electricallyoperable.

[0137] Next, step S2 checks if the power key E0018 on the upper caseM1002 of the printer body M1000 is turned on. When it is decided thatthe power key E0018 is pressed, the processing moves to the next step S3where a second initialization is performed.

[0138] In this second initialization, a check is made of various drivemechanisms and the print head of this apparatus. That is, when variousmotors are initialized and head information is read, it is checkedwhether the apparatus is normally operable.

[0139] Next, steps S4 waits for an event. That is, this step monitors ademand event from the external I/F, a panel key event from the useroperation and an internal control event and, when any of these eventsoccurs, executes the corresponding processing.

[0140] When, for example, step S4 receives a print command event fromthe external I/F, the processing moves to step S5. When a power keyevent from the user operation occurs at step S4, the processing moves tostep S10. If another event occurs, the processing moves to step S11.

[0141] Step S5 analyzes the print command from the external I/F, checksa specified paper kind, paper size, print quality, paper feeding methodand others, and stores data representing the check result into the DRAME2005 of the apparatus before proceeding to step S6.

[0142] Next, step S6 starts feeding the paper according to the paperfeeding method specified by the step S5 until the paper is situated atthe print start position. The processing moves to step S7.

[0143] At step S7 the printing operation is performed. In this printingoperation, the print data sent from the external I/F is storedtemporarily in the print buffer. Then, the CR motor E0001 is started tomove the carriage M4001 in the main-scanning direction. At the sametime, the print data stored in the print buffer E2014 is transferred tothe print head H1001 to print one line. When one line of the print datahas been printed, the LF motor E0002 is driven to rotate the LF rollerM3001 to transport the paper in the sub-scanning direction. After this,the above operation is executed repetitively until one page of the printdata from the external I/F is completely printed, at which time theprocessing moves to step S8.

[0144] At step S8, the LF motor E0002 is driven to rotate the paperdischarge roller M2003 to feed the paper until it is decided that thepaper is completely fed out of the apparatus, at which time the paper iscompletely discharged onto the paper discharge tray M1004.

[0145] Next at step S9, it is checked whether all the pages that need tobe printed have been printed and if there are pages that remain to beprinted, the processing returns to step S5 and the steps S5 to S9 arerepeated. When all the pages that need to be printed have been printed,the print operation is ended and the processing moves to step S4 waitingfor the next event.

[0146] Step S10 performs the printing termination processing to stop theoperation of the apparatus. That is, to turn off various motors andprint head, this step renders the apparatus ready to be cut off frompower supply and then turns off power, before moving to step S4 waitingfor the next event.

[0147] Step S11 performs other event processing. For example, this stepperforms processing corresponding to the ejection performance recoverycommand from various panel keys or external I/F and the ejectionperformance recovery event that occurs internally. After the recoveryprocessing is finished, the printer operation moves to step S4 waitingfor the next event.

[0148] One form in which the present invention is effectivelyimplemented is the one in which thermal energy produced by anelectrothermal transducer is used to cause a film boiling in a liquidand thereby form a bubble.

[0149] Next, embodiments with configurations characteristic of thisinvention will be described.

[0150] (First Embodiment)

[0151] A first embodiment of this invention will be explained asfollows.

[0152]FIG. 14 shows example configuration and arrangement of the headsused in this embodiment. Here, a total of six print heads for fourordinary colors—C (cyan), M (magenta), Y (yellow) and K (black)—andlight C and light M are mounted on a carriage. The print heads arearranged in a so-called lateral configuration in which they are arrangedin line in a main scan direction (the direction in which the carriagemoves). Each of the print heads has two columns of nozzles formedtherein to extend along a (vertical) direction perpendicular to the mainscan direction. Each of the two nozzle columns has a large number ofnozzles (e.g., 255 nozzles) arrayed at a pitch of 600 dpi. It is notedthat since the two nozzle columns are staggered by one-half pixel, eachprint head has an equivalent configuration in which the nozzles arearrayed in a single vertical column at a 1200-dpi pitch.

[0153] This embodiment employs a four-pass printing system in which animage is completed by performing four main scans (four passes) of theprint heads using the different nozzle groups over the same print areaon the print medium.

[0154]FIG. 15 schematically shows the print duties of each nozzle groupwhen the 4-pass printing is executed using the print heads C, M, Y. Asshown in the figure, each print head has first to fourth nozzle groups,the width in a longitudinal direction of each nozzle group, that is, thewidth of each print area printed by each nozzle group being equal todistance that the print medium is fed in the sub-scan direction aftereach pass (feed distance). The print duties of each nozzle group in eachprint head are determined by mask patterns PC, PM, PY that thin out theprint data supplied to the print heads C, M, Y. The mask patterns PC,PM, PY each have mask areas corresponding to the nozzle groups. That is,each mask pattern has mask areas corresponding to the print scans of thefirst to fourth passes. In the figure PC1 to PC4 represent mask areas inthe mask pattern PC. PM1 to PM4 represent mask areas in the mask patternPM, and PY1 to PY4 represent mask areas in the mask pattern PY. The maskareas PC1-PC4, PM1-PM4, and PY1-PY4 correspond to the first to fourthnozzle groups.

[0155] Further, in this embodiment the print duty set in each mask areais divided in two in the sub-scan direction.

[0156] In the mask pattern PC, for example, the print duty set in themask area PC1 corresponding to the first pass of the printing scan is10% in a second half, with respect to the paper feed direction, of themask area PC1 and 20% in a first half; the print duty set in the maskarea PC2 corresponding to the second pass is 20% in a second half and30% in a first half; the print duty set in the mask area PC3corresponding to the third pass is 30% in a second half and 40% in afirst half; and the print duty set in the mask area PC4 corresponding tothe fourth pass is 40% in a second half and 10% in a first half.

[0157] In the mask pattern PM, the print duty set in the mask area PM1corresponding to the first pass of the printing scan is 10% in a secondhalf, with respect to the paper feed direction, of the mask area PM1 and20% in a first half; the print duty set in the mask area PM2corresponding to the second pass is 30% in a second half and 40% in afirst half; the print duty set in the mask area PM3 corresponding to thethird pass is 40% in a second half and 30% in a first half; and theprint duty set in the mask area PM4 corresponding to the fourth pass is20% in a second half and 10% in a first half.

[0158] Further, in the mask pattern PY, the print duty set in the maskarea PY1 corresponding to the first pass of the printing scan is 10% ina second half, with respect to the paper feed direction, of the maskarea PY1 and 40% in a first half; the print duty set in the mask areaPY2 corresponding to the second pass is 40% in a second half and 30% ina first half; the print duty set in the mask area PY3 corresponding tothe third pass is 30% in a second half and 20% in a first half; and theprint duty set in the mask area PY4 corresponding to the fourth pass is20% in a second half and 10% in a first half.

[0159] In this embodiment, by using the mask pattern described above,the print areas on the print medium (first pass print area to fourthpass print area) to be printed by the first to fourth nozzle groups areprinted with differing print duties, and each print area is not printedwith a uniform print duty but is divided in two in the print medium feeddirection, with the two divided areas printed with differing printduties.

[0160] Further, the mask patterns PC, PM, PY for the print heads C, M,Y, which are differentiated from each other as described above, have acomplementary relation with one another in order to eliminate colorvariations caused by a change in the printing order of the print headsduring the bi-directional printing.

[0161] That is, the mask patterns PC, PM, PY are so formed that the scanperformed with the maximum print duty among the four printing scanschanges from one mask pattern to another. More specifically, in the Cmask pattern, the print duty is maximum (at 40%) in the third and fourthpass (first half of the mask area PC3 and second half of the mask areaPC4); in the M mask pattern, the print duty is maximum (at 40%) in thesecond and third pass (first half of the mask area PM2 and second halfof the mask area PM3); and in the Y mask pattern, the print duty ismaximum (at 40%) in the first and second pass (first half of the maskarea PY1 and second half of the mask area PY2).

[0162] Therefore, the color whose print duty becomes high varies fromone pass to another. Consider a case, for example, in which a greensolid image is formed by overlapping cyan and yellow. In the first andsecond passes, cyan is printed with a print duty of 40% ((50+30)/2%)while yellow is printed with a print duty of 60% ((50+70)/2%). Hence, inthe first half of the four passes, i.e., in the first and second passes,yellow is printed more heavily by 20% of print duty. This yellow inkthat is printed excessively constitutes at least a primary color ofyellow that is not overlapped with cyan. That is, the yellow ink that isprinted in the first two forward and backward scans is printed 20% moreheavily than cyan prior to the latter two forward and backward scans,regardless of its printing order. In this way, because a particularcolor ink can be printed first irrespective of its printing order in thebi-directional printing, it is possible to reduce the color variationcaused by a difference in the printing order among different printareas.

[0163] Further, in this embodiment, since each of the nozzle groups ineach print head is divided into two subdivided parts and the printduties of the subdivided parts of each nozzle group are setindividually, the print areas that are printed with high print dutiesare also divided into smaller areas, making it possible to control theprint duty for each color ink in more finely divided areas.

[0164] In the embodiment above, the print duty is set for eachsubdivided part of each nozzle group so that it changes stepwise asshown in FIG. 15. It is also possible to set the print duty to changesmoothly as indicated by a smooth curve of FIG. 16. FIG. 16 is a linediagram showing the print duties of the print heads C, M, Y. with anabscissa representing the direction of nozzle array and an ordinaterepresenting the print duty in each area. Also when the print duty ischanged smoothly as shown in the figure, it is still possible, as whenthe print duty is set stepwise as shown in FIG. 15, to distinguishbetween a color with a high frequency of nozzle use and a color with alow frequency of nozzle use. Setting the print duty distribution in thedivided areas of the mask patterns PC, PM, PY to follow smooth curves inthis way can be realized by further increasing the number of divisionsin each mask area of each mask pattern PC, PM, PY. This setting canproduce the color variation reduction effect similar to the one obtainedby the duty setting method shown in FIG. 15 and thus can reduce textureof an image. Although in the first embodiment shown in FIG. 15 and FIG.16 the peak (maximum) value of the print duty in each mask pattern PC,PM, PY is set at one location, it is also possible to set the duty ratioin each mask pattern to have a plurality of maximum and minimum values.In this case, too, the print duties need to be set so as to maintaintheir complementary relationship in each print head and to differentiatethe phases of the maximums and minimums among the print heads.

[0165]FIGS. 17A to 17C show example mask patterns based on the dutysettings of FIG. 16.

[0166] These mask patterns each have a size of 256 dots×256 dots, withdot concentrations each measuring 2 dots×1 dot arranged at random. It isseen from the figure that each of the color mask patterns has adeviation in the print duty distribution of each print head, the printduty being set in each mask area.

[0167] This embodiment enables a high density printing by using a printhead with a pitch of 1200 dpi and an ejection volume of 4 pl. With aprint head having such a small pitch and a small ejection volume, thedroplets ejected from nozzles at the ends of the print head are shiftedinwardly (deviation phenomenon) after the printing operation hasstarted, as shown in FIG. 18 and FIG. 19. This deviation is not observedin the first few dots after the start of the printing but, as thecarriage is accelerated, begins to increase until the dot landingposition is deviated about 50 μm and remains there.

[0168] This dot landing deviation is likely to produce a blank line at aboundary portion between printing areas on the print medium where no inkdots are formed, significantly degrading the image quality.

[0169] To prevent such a blank line from being formed, this embodimentsets to a small value the print duties of those nozzles at the ends ofthe print head whose dots may be deviated inwardly, thereby reducing thefrequency of use of the nozzles at the ends of the head. Since with thismethod the number of deviated dots is reduced, the influence of dotdeviations can be alleviated significantly, thus preventing theformation of blank lines on a printed image and improving the imagequality.

[0170] While in the embodiment above we have described a case where theprint duty setting area for each nozzle group of the print head isdivided in two, it is possible to divide the print duty setting area foreach nozzle group into more than two areas.

[0171] In a 4-pass bi-directional printing for example, the print dutyof each nozzle group for one pass may be divided into four print duties,as shown in FIG. 20B.

[0172]FIG. 20A represents a case where each nozzle group is set to auniform print duty (the number of divisions of the duty setting area isset to 1). FIG. 20B represents a case where the print duty setting areafor each nozzle group is divided into four. In the four subdividedsetting areas, the hue varies according to a difference in the inkejection order between the forward pass and the backward pass and to howthe print duties of the subdivided areas for each nozzle group arearranged.

[0173] When a uniform solid pattern is printed by dividing the printduty setting area in two, as shown in the embodiment of FIG. 15, theimage quality is improved substantially when compared with an imageprinted with a uniform print duty distribution shown in FIG. 20A. Theimage thus printed, however, may have a possibility of slight densityvariations being observed. This is because the width of each subdividedarea equal to one-half the width of each nozzle group of the print headfalls within a range that can be recognized by the human vision. Studiesconducted by this inventor have verified that only when the print dutysetting area is divided at a pitch smaller than 60 μm, does the effectof reducing the color variations (banding) caused by an ejection orderdifference become significant. Examinations were made on the colorvariation reduction effect for various division numbers by progressivelyincreasing the number of divisions at pitches smaller than 60 μm. It wasconfirmed that once the pitch decreased to 60 μm or less, no significantimprovement in the image quality was observed even when the number ofdivisions was increased further.

[0174] A further examination was conducted as to the number of divisionsof the print duty setting area for each nozzle group. When a 4-passprinting is done using a head construction of FIG. 14 (1200 dpi and 256nozzles), it is confirmed that the color variation reduction effect isobtained when the setting area is divided into eight subdivided areas.

[0175] It should be noted that the present invention is not limited tothe embodiment described above and that the number of multiple passesused in the applied printing system and the number of subdivided printduty setting areas for each nozzle group can be set to optimum valuesaccording to the print media used.

[0176] (Second Embodiment)

[0177] Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will bedescribed.

[0178] In the mask patterns PC, PM, PY of the print heads in the firstembodiment, the print duties set for the associated nozzle groups ofeach print head are made to vary, as shown in FIG. 15 or FIG. 16. Hence,a nozzle group set with a high print duty has a higher frequency of usethan those of other nozzle groups at all times and thus may be degradedmore significantly than other nozzle groups. To deal with this problem,the second embodiment, in addition to using the similar mask pattern tothat used in the first embodiment, comprises a dot count means or timermeans and a pattern reversing means for reversing the print dutydistribution in the mask pattern according to a count value or measuredtime produced by the dot count means or timer means. The reversionreferred to in this specification means a switching between a part ofthe print duty distribution with a relatively high print duty and a partwith a relatively low print duty. The levels of high print duty and lowprint duty can be set arbitrarily and the reversion includes a switchingin which the high level and the low level of print duty do notnecessarily have a one-to-one correspondence. In other words, thereversion includes a case where the high level and the low level are notstrictly symmetrical with respect to a predetermined reference value.

[0179]FIG. 21 is a block diagram showing an outline configuration of acontrol system that performs a control operation in the secondembodiment of the invention.

[0180] In FIG. 21, reference number 85 designates a print control means;81 a printed dot number counter for counting the number of dots printedfrom the start of the printing operation of the print head up to now; 82a print time counter for counting the time it takes from when the printduties of the mask pattern were previously reversed or when the printoperation was started by turning power on until the present time; 83 areversion request means for requesting a reversion of the print dutydistribution in the print head; and 84 a reversion control means forreversing the print duty distribution in the print head according to therequest from the reversion request means.

[0181] The print operation control means 85, upon receiving a printinstruction, controls the operation of the print heads, carriage andcontrol medium feed means to form an image on the print medium accordingto print data. The reversion request means 83 determines a timing toreverse the mask pattern duties based on a comparison between thecurrent printed dot number count value and a preset dot number and acomparison between a print time count value and a preset print time.

[0182] Next, the operations of various parts will be explained byreferring to a flow chart of FIG. 22. In FIG. 22, when the printoperation control means 85 receives a print instruction and starts theprint operation by driving the print heads, carriage and print mediumfeed means (step 121), a printed dot number counter 81 and a print timecounter 82 start counting the printed dot number and the print time(step 122).

[0183] During the print operation, the reversion request means 83 iscomparing the printed dot number N counted from the start of the printhead operation up to now with the preset dot number Nrev at all times(step 123). If N>Nrev, the reversion request means 83 sends aninstruction for reversing the print duties of the mask patterns to theprint operation control means 85 and the reversion control means 84 toreverse the print duties of the mask patterns (step 125). In thisembodiment, two mask patterns with reversed thinning out duties (printduties) are stored in a ROM in the printing apparatus for each color. Inresponse to the reversion request, one of the two mask patterns that iscurrently used is switched to the other for reversing the print duties.

[0184] Further, a comparison is made between the print time T, which haselapsed from the start of the print head operation or from the previousmask pattern reversing operation up to now, and the preset print timeTrev (step 124). If T>Trev, the instruction for reversing the printduties set by the mask pattern is sent to the print operation controlmeans 85 and the reversion control means 84 to execute the print dutyreversion operation (step 125). Because performing this reversion duringthe print operation may cause image impairments, the reversion operationis preferably performed at a timing that do not adversely affect theprint operation, for example after the print medium is discharged.

[0185] After the mask pattern print duty reversion operation has beenexecuted, the printed dot number counter 81 and the print time counter82 both reset their count values (step 126) and restart their countingoperations. In step 123 and step 124, if N Nrev and T Trev, thereversion of the print duties set by the mask patterns is not performed.

[0186]FIG. 23 shows an example setting of the timing at which to performthe print duty reversing operation. In the figure, an abscissarepresents T (print time count value) and an ordinate represents N (dotnumber count value).

[0187] In the figure the print head is assumed to have an ejection lifeof 3×10⁸ dots. Let us consider one nozzle group in the print head. Inthis case, the print duty of the nozzle group is set at a high value bythe mask pattern until the number N of dots ejected from the print headreaches 1.5×10⁸ dots (Nrev) which is one-half the ejection life dotnumber, or until the time from the start of the print head operationreaches 3.0×10² days (Trev) (in FIG. 23 both figures coincide at onepoint). That is, until one of these values is reached, the frequency ofuse of the nozzle group is set high.

[0188] When the dot number N exceeds 1.5×10⁸ dots (Nrev) or when thetime passes a preset time of 3.0×10² days (Trev), the print duty set bythe mask pattern are reversed (first reversion) to a low value. That is,the frequency of use of the nozzles decreases. The mask pattern thatsets the reduced print duty continues to be used until the printed dotnumber N or the time following the first reversion reaches 1.5×10⁸ dots(Nrev) or 3.0×10² days (Trev).

[0189] Following this first reversion, when 1.5×10⁸ dots are printed or3.0×10² days pass (in FIG. 23, 6.0×10² days after the start of the printoperation), the print duty is reversed again (second reversion). As aresult, the print duty of this nozzle group becomes high and thefrequency of use of the nozzles increases.

[0190] As described above, in this embodiment, when the preset value ofeither the print operation time count or the dot count is exceeded, thereversing operation is performed repetitively. With this arrangement,the nozzle groups in the print head can be used at a uniform frequency,thus preventing only a part of the nozzles from deterioratingsignificantly and from reducing the life of the print head as a whole.

[0191] The preset dot number Nrev and the preset print operation timeTrev are set at such values that the life of the print head is longer byabout 1.5 times than when the print duty reversion is not performed. Theset values of the print operation time count and the dot number countcan be set arbitrary.

[0192] In a color printing that is performed using a plurality of printheads with different ink ejection conditions (e.g., preset printoperation time Trev, preset dot number Nrev, etc.), when any one of theprint heads reaches a state where it is required to reverse the printduties of the associated mask pattern, it is desired that the printduties of all the print heads be reversed at one time.

[0193]FIG. 24A and FIG. 24B show a mask pattern before being reversedand a mask pattern after being reversed. When the mask pattern of FIG.24A is reversed to that of FIG. 24B, the print duty in each scan changesas follows.

[0194] That is, in the first scan the print duty changes from 15%(=(20+10)/2%) to 25% (=(10+40)/2%); in the second scan it changes from35% (=(30+40)/2%) to 25% (=(30+20)/2%); in the third scan it changesfrom 35% (=(40+30)/2%) to 25% (=(40+10)/2%); and in the fourth scan itchanges from 15% (=(20+10)/2%) to 25% (=(40+10)/2%). By switchingbetween the two mask patterns in this way, it is possible to change theprint duty of the nozzles that are set with a low print duty to a highprint duty and the print duty of the nozzles that are set with a highprint duty to a low print duty, thus rendering the frequency of use ofthe nozzles more uniform.

[0195] In the print duty distribution shown in FIGS. 24A and 24B, too,the print duties of the end portions are set low as in the firstembodiment to cope with the end dot deviation phenomenon. Therefore, inareas excluding these end portions, the mask pattern is generated sothat its print duty is 30% in average. That is, because the second passand the third pass have a print duty of 35% before the reversion and 25%after the reversion, their average is 30%.

[0196] In the second embodiment above, we have described an example casewhere the preset values of the dot number count and the print operationtime count are used as threshold values to determine whether or not thereversion operation should be performed. It is also possible to adopt anarrangement in which the number of print mediums printed is taken as athreshold for determining whether or not to execute the reversionoperation and in which when the number of printed mediums reaches apredetermined number, the mask pattern is changed.

[0197] (Other Embodiments)

[0198] In the embodiments above, we have shown example arrangements thateliminate color variations caused by a difference in the printing orderbetween the forward pass and the backward pass and those caused bydeviations of ink dots ejected from the ends of the print head. When asecondary or higher order color is formed, these color variations may ormay not be conspicuously visible depending on the combination of colors.

[0199] For example, when a secondary color solid image is formed usingsix color inks (Bk, CL, ML, C, M, Y inks), the investigation by thisinventor has found that conspicuous color variations are observed when agroup of light inks (CL, ML, Y) and a group of dark inks (Bk, C, M) arecombined (see FIG. 25). Therefore, a mask pattern for light inks (CL,ML, Y) and a mask pattern for dark inks (Bk, C, M) are prepared as shownin FIGS. 26A and 26B, with their print duty distributions reversed inthe direction of nozzle array. Combining these mask patterns can reducethe color variations.

[0200] The mask pattern combination described above can also be appliedto a combination of colors with different ejection volumes, in additionto the combination of dark inks and light inks. That is, two kinds ofmask patterns can be used, one for a group of colors with large ejectionvolumes and one for a group of colors with small ejection volumes.

[0201] The present invention has been described in detail with respectto preferred embodiments, and it will now be apparent from the foregoingto those skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be madewithout departing from the invention in its broader aspect, and it isthe intention, therefore, in the apparent claims to cover all suchchanges and modifications as fall within the true spirit of theinvention.

What is claimed is:
 1. An ink jet printing apparatus comprising: aplurality of print heads arranged in a main scan direction and havingdifferent inks, each of the print heads having a plurality of nozzlegroups, each nozzle group having a plurality of ink ejection nozzles,the different nozzle groups in each of the print heads being scannedover the same print area on a print medium in forward and backwardpasses to complete an image on the print area by using a plurality ofinks; and a print duty setting means for dividing a print duty settingarea for each of the nozzle groups into a plurality of subdivided areas,for setting a print duty for each of the subdivided areas and forsetting print duties of the print heads to different values.
 2. An inkjet printing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the print dutysetting means sets a print duty of a predetermined nozzle group in atleast one of the print heads to a value different from a print duty of acorresponding nozzle group in another print head.
 3. An ink jet printingapparatus according to claim 1, wherein when two or more inks arecombined to form an image, the print duty setting means sets a printduty according to densities of the inks to be combined.
 4. An ink jetprinting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein when two or more inksare combined to form an image, the print duty setting means sets a printduty according to ejection volumes of the inks to be combined.
 5. An inkjet printing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the print dutysetting means differentiates among different inks phases of maximumvalues in a print duty distribution in a nozzle array direction.
 6. Anink jet printing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein when two ormore inks are combined to form an image, maximum values in a print dutydistribution in a nozzle array direction are set according to densitiesof the ink to be combined.
 7. An ink jet printing apparatus according toclaim 1, wherein the print duty setting means for setting print dutiesof end portions of each of the print heads lower than print duties ofother portions.
 8. An ink jet printing apparatus comprising: a pluralityof print heads arranged in a main scan direction and having differentinks, each of the print heads having a plurality of nozzle groups, eachnozzle group having a plurality of ink ejection nozzles, the differentnozzle groups in each of the print heads being scanned over the sameprint area on a print medium in forward and backward passes to completean image on the print area by using a plurality of inks; and a printduty setting means for setting print duties of end portions of each ofthe print heads lower than print duties of other portions.
 9. An ink jetprinting apparatus comprising: a plurality of print heads arranged in amain scan direction and having different inks, each of the print headshaving a plurality of nozzle groups, each nozzle group having aplurality of ink ejection nozzles, the different nozzle groups in eachof the print heads being scanned over the same print area on a printmedium in forward and backward passes to complete an image on the printarea by using a plurality of inks; and a print duty setting andmodification means for switching a print duty distribution in a nozzlearray direction between high and low values according to a frequency ofuse of the print head.
 10. An ink jet printing apparatus according toclaim 9, wherein the print duty setting and modification means switchesthe print duty distribution in at least one of two cases where a printoperation time from the start of a print head operation up to nowexceeds a preset time and where a printed dot number from the start of aprint head operation up to now exceeds a preset printed dot number. 11.An ink jet printing apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the printduty setting and modification means comprises: a first mask pattern forsetting a predetermined print duty for each print head; a second maskpattern for setting a print duty with a distribution different from thatof the first mask pattern; and a switching means for switching betweenthe first mask pattern and the second mask pattern a mask pattern to beused when at least one of two cases occurs in which a print operationtime from the start of a print head operation up to now exceeds a presettime and in which a printed dot number from the start of a print headoperation up to now exceeds a preset printed dot number.
 12. An ink jetprinting apparatus according to claim 9, wherein when two or more inksare combined to form an image, the print duty setting and modificationmeans sets a print duty according to densities of the inks to becombined.
 13. An ink jet printing apparatus according to claim 9,wherein when two or more inks are combined to form an image, the printduty setting and modification means sets a print duty according toejection volumes of the inks to be combined.
 14. An ink jet printingapparatus according to claim 9, wherein the print duty setting andmodification means reverses print duties of each of the print headsexcluding head end portions.
 15. An ink jet printing apparatus accordingto claim 1, wherein the print head generates bubbles in ink by thermalenergy and ejects ink droplets by energy generated by the bubbles. 16.An ink jet printing method for an ink jet printing apparatus, whereinthe ink jet printing apparatus includes a plurality of print headsarranged in a main scan direction and having different inks, each of theprint heads having a plurality of nozzle groups, each nozzle grouphaving a plurality of ink ejection nozzles, the ink jet printing methodcomprising the steps of: scanning the different nozzle groups in each ofthe print heads over the same print area on a print medium in forwardand backward passes to complete an image on the print area by using aplurality of inks; dividing a print duty setting area for each of thenozzle groups into a plurality of subdivided areas; setting a print dutyfor each of the subdivided areas; and setting print duties of the printheads to different values.
 17. An ink jet printing method according toclaim 16, wherein the setting print duties of end portions of each ofthe print heads lower than print duties of other portions.
 18. An inkjet printing method for an ink jet printing apparatus, wherein the inkjet printing apparatus includes a plurality of print heads arranged in amain scan direction and having different inks, each of the print headshaving a plurality of nozzle groups, each nozzle group having aplurality of ink ejection nozzles, the ink jet printing methodcomprising the steps of: scanning the different nozzle groups in each ofthe print heads over the same print area on a print medium in forwardand backward passes to complete an image on the print area by using aplurality of inks; and setting print duties of end portions of each ofthe print heads lower than print duties of other portions.
 19. An inkjet printing method for an ink jet printing apparatus, wherein the inkjet printing apparatus includes a plurality of print heads arranged in amain scan direction and having different inks, each of the print headshaving a plurality of nozzle groups, each nozzle group having aplurality of ink ejection nozzles, the ink jet printing methodcomprising the steps of: scanning the different nozzle groups in each ofthe print heads over the same print area on a print medium in forwardand backward passes to complete an image on the print area by using aplurality of inks; and switching a print duty distribution in a nozzlearray direction between high and low values according to a frequency ofuse of the print head.
 20. An ink jet printing method according to claim16, wherein the print head generates bubbles in ink by thermal energyand ejects ink droplets by energy generated by the bubbles.